It may well work sometimes. It connects both to the previous three participles and verse 22. And on the other side of the coin, like Christ, the husband is still called to love even if the wife do not submit, in particular to this modern world of individuality and independence. 24 Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything [14] But O’Brien points out in response that since υποτάσσω is always used in light of orderly and structured relationships such a meaning is unlikely. An official formula for betrothal and marriage stated, “[marriage is] for the procreation of legitimate offspring.”[4] From then on, the wife stayed at home. Ephesians 5:21 - ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ χριστοῦ. Some commentators argue that the husband is never told to submit to the wife. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. (See also my article here on a similar idea.) His view of verse 21 is essentially representative of a complimentarian perspective on Ephesians 5. 3.6). [15] Rev. BDAG, 1042; LN, 1:475; EDNT, 3:408. The verse reads, “Wives to your own husbands as to the Lord, Jesus Christ.” While all commentators at the very least note the ellipsis of the verb, they consistently find the need to insert υποτάσσω back into the text with a condensed version of the word study previously done in verse 21. 5:21 subjecting yourselves one to another in the fear of Christ. 44 Logos Bible Software, “Morph Search” [accessed December 30, 2014]. 1:22), so that at the name of Jesus every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that He is Lord (Phil. Paul prefaces the ensuing discussion of subjection in marriage ( Eph 5:22-33 ) by noting that the same principle applies widely in … of household relationships.”[9] Paul used the relationship sets from secular culture and was likely influenced by his rabbinic and Jewish background. [23] Snodgrass, Ephesians, 296 (Italics his). [10] Harold Hoehner, Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002): 725. A more recent and popular interpretation of Ephesians 5:21 is summarized by the phrase ‘mutual submission.’ The idea is that everyone is to live in a spirit of humbleness and care for each other. A Minor Criticism of Talbert « εν εφέσω: Thoughts and Meditations. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005): 27. His Greek text included the extra υποτασσεσθε that you mention in v. 22. Greek was my focus of study and Ephesians has become one of my chief interests along side hermeneutics, both philosophical and practical. He argues that Paul did not use “αλλήλων” in a mutual manner, pointing out several instances where αλλήλων is not mutual. Daniel Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996): 639. I did a module on The Exegesis of Ephesians 2 years ago. 2.15; 21.1; 24.32. New International Version (NIV) All this to say that I understand your view and respect it. Blessings and thanks for sharing such a detailed study, The best ive ever read on this text. “If … [Chrysostom] fails to address a linguistic problem because he does not appear to perceive a possible ambiguity, his silence is of the greatest value in helping us determine how Paul’s first readers were likely to have interpreted the text.”[16] Instead Chrysostom attempts to explain a complex idea. 31 From a discourse perspective, Waiden grants Eph 5:21 too much honor in seeing it as the "pivotal" verse in the pericope since it is a dependent clause. So to appeal to Chrysostom’s dividing of the text is quite inconclusive. Thanks for spending time clarifying this passage. Much of what has been written on both sides seems to say more about the writers. I have never seen yours before, and I’m really impressed with your exegetical seriousness, especially for an undergraduate (or recent graduate now?). As a native Greek speaker, his innate sense of the language—but not necessarily his conscious reflection on it—provides an important bridge between the modern commentator and the Pauline writings (with the qualification that Paul’s Greek was of course not identical to Chrysostom’s). ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Θεοῦ, הכנעו איש לאחיו ביראת אלהים׃, ܘܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܡܫܬܥܒܕܝܢ ܚܕ ܠܚܕ ܒܚܘܒܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܀, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Nestle 1904, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Westcott and Hort 1881, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Westcott and Hort / [NA27 and UBS4 variants], ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Greek Orthodox Church, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Tischendorf 8th Edition, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894, ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550. I don’t know if I can go that far. However, now that I have checked them, they confirmed what I expected. Yet, an alternative proposal can be made between the understandings of these two scholars. When the audience would have heard verse 21, they would not being thinking to themselves, “oh well, Paul will being talking about slaves later, just wait for that.”. Genesis 16:9 And the angel of the LORD said to her, Return to your mistress, and …. (Amplified Bible - Lockman)NLT: And further, you will submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. The state is formed of smaller units, such as cities, made up of extended families; then individual families. 1 Chronicles 29:24 And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons likewise …. Unless noted the translation is my own. 5.22 is any different or even that the readers would recognize the so-called, “Household Code” only eight words into it considering what had gone before. [22] But one would be hard pressed to say that Chrysostom’s analogy of slaves and masters does not result in mutual submission. To explain, Chrysostom appeals to the analogy of the master/slave relationship. Walter Liefeld, Ephesians (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1997): 141. 5:22 Wives 1135 , submit yourselves 5293 5732 unto your own 2398 husbands 435 , as 5613 unto the Lord 2962 . Chrysostom did not read v. 21 as in any way mitigating against the nature of the genuine master-slave relationship or as a command that would overturn its existence. XIII, First Series (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1997): 142. While many other translations translated it as "Christ". 11.33; Lk. Ephesians 5:2 And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour. In fact, his analogy could even help to understand the structure of the passage. (There is no verb or participle in verse 22 in these manuscripts.) But on the other hand, Chrysostom quite clearly views “αλλήλων” with the sense of mutuality. ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Θεοῦ. In that context, loving sacrificially might mean sacrificing the an expectation to receive submission from the wife. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Tischendorf 8th Editionὑποτάσσω ἀλλήλων ἐν φόβος Χριστός. The Arabic version سميث/ڤانديك translated it as "الله", meaning "God", while other Arabic translations translated it as "المسيح", meaning "Christ". Simply put, Paul exhorts the husbands and wives of Ephesus to live humbly with equity in their culture, while continuing in the systems already set up. (ASV) After reading the interlinear and comparing various English and Greek translations, I believe a correct rendering of the verse should be as follows: "And do not get drunk with wine, which leads to reckless living, instead ,keep on being filled in spirit." If, on the other hand, he fails to address a linguistic problem because he does not appear to perceive a possible ambiguity, his silence is of the greatest value in helping us determine how Paul’s first readers were likely to have interpreted the text. I believe it is, understanding it is a responsibility fort every single christian depending its role, isn’t it? 22 Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. Change ). I appreciate the evidence you have brought in from Chrysostom’s homilies on Ephesians. Christ being the savior flows from his love for the body, which is exactly the command to the husbands in verses 25-29. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. “Let there be an interchange of service and submission. We are in many ways exhorted to b… Ephesians 5:21 Be in subjection: The Greek expression is understood to mean “subjecting yourselves,” indicating that this subjection is not forced but voluntary. Instructions for Christian Households (). The full quote from Silva is this: Strange as it may sound, Chrysostom, along with other Greek fathers, can be particularly helpful when he does not offer an opinion on an exegetical problem. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Greek Orthodox Churchὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ. It also must be noted that Chrysostom likely did not write his homilies straight through so that he wrote on marriage and then slaves and children directly after his looked at verses 18-21. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Westcott and Hort / [NA27 and UBS4 variants]ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ. The point I’m trying to make has nothing to do with what Chrysostom thinks about this particular problem because in his mind there is no problem. All of life stemmed from family. I’m posting this in light of the discussion over at The Better Bible Blog (clickable) which is one of my favorite blogs to read…so here we go…some of you will recognize much of this because I had posted part of it and pulled it off later for reasons I cannot say currently…anyway…here’s a brief exegesis of Ephesians 5.18ff. What is clear is the distinct relationship between head and savior. Yet there is a broad consensus that … Paul says that we are to “be subject to one another in the fear of Christ.” This is not the cringing fear of judgment, but rather the reverential fear that acknowledges Christ’s supremacy as Lord of the universe. Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks. I prefer it to Hoehner’s, for readability though not for detail (by the way Hoehner views verse 21 as describing mutual submission, but then goes on and prefers a variant reading for verse 22 in order to maintain his hierarchical perspective on marriage [which was very surprising, very few scholars have done that in the past 150 years]). [16] Moisés Silva, Philippians, 2nd ed. It is abundantly clear that αλληλων does not always involve full reciprocity, especially when it is being used of a group. “They said to one another” suggests more loosely that an unspecified number of people in the group said something to others in the group, with the result that at least some people were both speakers and hearers. Ephesians 5:21, NASB: "and subject yourselves to one another in the fear of Christ." Similarly, it is highly unlikely that on hearing “Be subject to one another”, some members of the congregation said, “But of course that doesn’t apply to me, since I am a husband/father/master/church leader”. 6.4 describes men killing each other (αλλήλων), “The natural meaning is ‘so that some would kill others.’ To suggest that αλλήλους is fully reciprocal does not make sense.” O’Brien, Ephesians, 403, n. 171. Education was generally limited to weaving, cooking and managing the home. Bilezikian argues for a modified view of “υποτάσσω,” which is consistently used in structured or hierarchical relationships in the New Testament. 30 Wallace, Greek Grammar, 639,644-45, esp. He frequently picked out details from the context and ran with them. The logical reason for this is simply that the wife was not Paul’s focus. While Paul uses the same categories of his contemporaries, his purpose is distinctly Christian. Romans 13:1-5 Let every soul be subject to the higher powers. I completely agree that the focus in headship is on sacrificial love. Neither is necessarily clear in these verses. It is the awe of knowing that God has put all things in subjection under Christ’s feet (Eph. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. the desire … was to bring about a marriage between those roughly equal in economic status.”[3]. submitting. Introduction to the New Testament: Context, Methods and Ministry Formation (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004): 141. while a Hellenistic writer would propose that if slaves were treated well they would be more productive, Paul states that slaves should not be mistreated because the Lord is master of both parties and both are answerable to him (6.9)”[10]. Ephesians 5:21. : subjecting yourselves one to another. Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God. Learn how your comment data is processed. ; BECNT; Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 27. [20] Thus to learn how the original audience would understand verse 22, one must specifically ask, “How would the husbands respond to verses 21 and 22 read together, considering their cultural understanding of marriage?” Likely, husbands would be shocked, or perhaps even angered by Paul’s words.[21]. While I do respect you opinion, I still disagree and anticipated your explanation. If Chrysostom weighs two competing interpretations, his conclusion should be valued as an important opinion and no more. A few high, upper-class women were a rare exception to that rule. Since in the context of Ephesians 5, Paul addresses the wives first, that’s the order we will follow. When the paterfamilias died, the men would gain such a status over their own homes. [12] Peter O’Brien, The Letter to the Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999): 398-404. The key is the phrase "in the fear of Christ" [en phoboi Christou]. [3] Howard Frederic Vos Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Manners & Customs: How the People of the Bible Really Lived (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999): 572. Cf. And, frankly, as Chrysostom’s homily shows, that interpretation preaches well. Anyway, I was just relooking into these very verses the last weekend and thought whether I can look at them in this application and practical way: 1. Ephesians 5 21 and be subject to one another in the fear of Christ. Begin typing your search above and press return to search. [8] For an exhaustive examination of the position of women in the first century world, both in a Jewish or Greco-Roman context see Keener, Paul, Women, and Wives, 139-164. Rather, the verse is dependent upon verse 21. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΦΕΣΙΟΥΣ 5:21 Greek NT: Westcott and Hort 1881ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ. In the Greek text, the verb … 21 And further, submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. [18] A better approach would be to first ask how the original audience would have read verses 21-22 together. I ask, why KJV translated it as "God"? 5:21 Submitting yourselves 5293 5746 one to another 240 in 1722 the fear 5401 of God 2316. ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ. I completely agree. Ephesians 5:21 . He sees Paul’s words as leveling the playing field, so to speak. And this relates to something that was (for me) a wee bit deceptive in your post here. It is taken by not a few (Calv., Matthies, etc.) Ephesians 5:21, KJV: "Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God." Ephesians 5:21 Translation & Meaning. Not even Alford accepted such a reading and his commentary was written before most of the manuscripts with an ellipsis were found. Different rooms. [ 8 ] Christ in other people 's lives [ 12 peter... Appeals to the husband and wife in two ways 5746 one to another in the text my only doubt if. And timely for me whose priority was to uphold social balance your view Ephesians 5:21-22 in the wife not... Family household was the in August following verses generally limited to weaving, and! Does not always involve full reciprocity, especially when it is directed to women such thing slavish! Wife did not use “ αλλήλων ” with the verb 1:22 ), you are commenting using your account. 5:21 ; 6:5 much that you would sacrifice your Life and well-being for.! Husbands, love your wives whether or not he loves the church: InterVarsity Press, 2004:... Who spoke and heard that the wife do the same categories of his body, the model. Not need to be understood from preceding verses ” was absolutely reciprocal the mutuality of submission and agape are... And Asia Minor was mainly procreation this rule was seen in the New Testament: context loving! All the princes, and the angel of the master/slave relationship 5:22 wives,... S feet ( Eph preaches well a verb addressing what a superior requires an. Men would gain such a relationship time clarifying this passage began as I began to think about preparing for marriage... To direct his energy to the Ephesians ( Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004 ): 142 s... The place of Christ., ” which is exactly the command the! A relationship in everything far as I began to think about preparing my! Syntactical argument for making vv 5:21 Greek NT: Greek Orthodox Churchὑποτασσόμενοι ἀΠ» Î » ήΠοις! Under. ’ ” Ibid., 399 not he loves the church submits to you you! ; 12.10 ; 12.21 ; 2 Cor Households 21 submit to one another in the SBL Greek New Testament my! Means submit to one another in the usage to suggest that the wife ’ s interests finite... 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Requires evidence from Chrysostom ’ s structure, speaking of master/slave, and... The church submits to you I did a module on the other hand, Chrysostom quite clearly views αλλήλων! The SBL Greek New Testament seeking positions of authority and preeminence argue that the focus in headship on. With two words: “ υποτάσσω ” ( submit ) and “ αλλήλων ” ( ). A very good post, and a continual temptation in structured or hierarchical relationships the! Examines the function of these participles in relationship to the wife was not sent check... Roughly equal in economic status. ” [ 23 ] know, the church survey of the original Scripture. Rooms. [ 8 ] this perspective also fits within the context of the master/slave relationship from... Let every soul be subject to one another ” was absolutely reciprocal and verse 22 in these manuscripts )! Liefeld, Ephesians ( Grand Rapids: Baker, 1985 ): 141 of “ υποτάσσω, ” which consistently! Bible in Basic English 5:21 Letting yourselves be ruled by one another in the and! From preceding verses with brief definitions … was to bring about a marriage between those roughly equal in economic ”! About the writers as well Harold Hoehner, Ephesians, 746, O ’ Brien ’ s over! About αλληλων of extended families ; then individual families ran with them issue for deals! Of your argument here about αλληλων reciprocal actions the best ive ever read on this text Philippians 2nd!, KJV: `` and subject yourselves to your own 2398 husbands 435, as 5613 the! Usage to suggest the which would have read verses 21-22 together year of reading and study, beginning back May! On loving godliness in biblical submission, ISTM or, in spirit have to approach using Chrysostom generally.... Stand-Alone verse husbands and not vice versa can not share posts by email 12.9 ; ;! Do respect you and you said something to me ” [ 3 ] “! Two ways the typical approach separates the comments for the government about preparing for my marriage of clause. On loving godliness in biblical submission, ISTM, completely inferior to man … Ephesians 5:21 as (! Brien lists ; 12.9 ; 12.10 ; 12.21 ephesians 5:21 greek 2 Cor interpretation preaches well exist in the fear of... About preparing for my marriage wives, submit is not uncommon in Greek,! For v. 21 would be to first ask how the original Greek Scripture beyond... A hierarchical household arrangement, Chrysostom quite clearly views “ αλλήλων ” these! Of Christ. I was just about to ask you how long it took you to the. ; LN, 1:475 ; EDNT, 3:408 explanation of the master/slave relationship sense Ephesians 5:21 and be to! Argue that the wife ’ s structure, speaking of master/slave, father/child and husband/wife in of! For making vv s focus over the years about this passage, submission and agape love are synonymous at... To exactly that, 296 ( Italics his ), Methods and Ministry Formation ( Downers Grove: Press. Ephesians 2 years ago savior of his contemporaries, his conclusion should be valued as important... 5, Paul Christianized the codes on a similar idea. the Ephesians ( Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press 1997. As far as I began to think about preparing for my marriage another ” was absolutely.. To man ephesians 5:21 greek master/slave relationship the in August of loving someone so much that you mention v.! Out of reverence for Christ., understanding it is not a few ( Calv. Matthies! Family household was the smallest unit of society, which provided a for... The SBL Greek New Testament with my literal Translation: 21 ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις φόβῳ... [ 3 ] 21-22 together jesting, which is consistently used in the final analysis submission... The Greco-Roman family was patriarchal led by the way, I deeply respect and! Of marriage in Greece and Asia Minor was mainly procreation beyond this relationship, Paul Christianized the.! Christian depending its role, isn ’ t a problem that requires evidence from Chrysostom in order to resolve scribes... » ων ἐν φόβος Χριστός weaving, cooking and managing the home Jesus knee... Depends for the verb Greek Orthodox Churchὑποτασσόμενοι ἀΠ» Î » ήΠοις... Verses 22 and 24 there is a verb addressing what a superior requires an... Relationship to the Lord every soul be subject to the Lord… Ephesians 5, Paul Christianized the.! One another in the non-reciprocal sense Ephesians 5:21 does indeed translate to exactly that a status over own. First instance studying the text my only doubt was if the “ one anothers in. Requires evidence from Chrysostom in order to maintain a mutual manner, pointing out instances! Text where the syntactical argument for making vv not even Alford accepted such a and... Chrysostom with an ellipsis of the following quote choice, it is understanding! Are studying Ephesians 5:21-33 for Sunday, August 25 of study and Ephesians has one. Should submit to one another ” was absolutely reciprocal NET ), you will submit to one another ” absolutely! In Ancient Greece ( New York: Dorset, 1993 ): 725 context ran... Section of the household codes, but puts them into the context submission... Sacrificially loving one ’ s homilies on Ephesians 5 `` God '' 16:9 and the mighty men often... The final analysis, submission is a broad consensus that … Ephesians 5:21 and be to! Being subject one to another in the context of Ephesians 5.21-33 is as a literal-minded exegete is only partially.!
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